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| n | Facilities for
Program creation |
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| u | editors,
compilers, linkers, and debuggers |
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| n | Program
execution |
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| u | loading in
memory, I/O and file initialization |
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| n | Access to I/O
and files |
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| u | deals with the
specifics of I/O and file formats |
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| n | System access |
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| u | Protection in
access to resources and data |
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| u | Resolves
conflicts for resource contention |
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