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Introduction and History |
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Data in Wireless Cellular Systems |
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Data in Wireless Local Area Networks |
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Internet Protocols |
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Routing and Ad-Hoc Networks |
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TCP over Wireless Link |
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Services and Service Discovery |
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System Support for Mobile Applications |
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Introduction and History |
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overview of technologies for wireless
communication |
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some comments on marketplace (growth, dominant
technologies) |
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brief background on historical development |
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Data in Wireless Cellular Systems |
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regulatory issues |
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radio access schemes |
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CDPD, GSM (GPRS) |
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3rd generation cellular systems (IMT-2000) |
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Data in Wireless Local Area Networks |
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Wireless LANs: WaveLan, IEEE 802.11 |
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Personal Area Networks: Bluetooth |
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High-speed LANs: HiperLAN |
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Internet Protocols |
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IP protocol |
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DHCP |
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Mobile IP (in IPv4 and IPv6) |
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Routing |
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Internet routing (RIP, OSPF, etc.) |
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Routing in ad-hoc networks (DSDV, AODV, DSR) |
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TCP over Wireless Link |
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TCP protocol and congestion control |
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TCP performance over wireless link: I-TCP, snoop |
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Services and Service Discovery |
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RFC 2165 (Service Location Protocol) |
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Jini: Overview, Service Discovery |
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System Support for Mobile Applications |
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Theoretical Model |
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File Systems and Databases |
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WWW |
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WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) |
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Prerequisites: |
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ideally: course in computer networks, wireless
communication |
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alternatively: consent of instructor |
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Schedule: |
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Tuesdays and Thursdays |
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11:30 am - 1 pm |
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Rooms: |
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Tuesdays: ME 3328 |
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Thursdays: ME 4342 |
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Marking scheme: |
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one midterm (20%) |
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in class, February 27 |
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one final exam (30%) |
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in class, April 3 |
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one term project (50%) |
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choose a topic related to course, write a
one-page proposal and submit via e-mail before January 26 |
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feedback from instructor within a week |
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submit 15 page document by April 8 |
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Project topics: |
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Select one of the relevant areas under study at
the IETF, or any other standards body (not discussed in class), explain the
problem, proposed solutions, and critically evaluate them |
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Mobile IP, routing in ad-hoc networks, TCP over
wireless links: survey current proposals (there are many more than the ones
discussed in class) and compare them. |
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Survey future portable devices, discuss
implications for wireless data applications (for example, in e-commerce) |
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Find and report on experiments with wireless
data applications (design, performance, user evaluations and feedback,
lessons learned) – probably needs more than one case study |
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YOUR OWN SUGGESTION |
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Important: review state-of-the-art and suggest a
research project that furthers this area |
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Report Format: |
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15 pages in total (including cover page,
Appendix, TOC, …..) |
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use 11pt font or larger |
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single-sided |
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1 in margins all around |
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may be single-spaced |
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Other comments on report/project: |
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Focus on data link layer and up, no physical
layer issues (i.e., CDMA 2000 vs. W-CDMA), emphasize IP/IETF standards |
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use publicly available references, academic
journals, conference proceedings (at least 5 “academic” references in final
report) |
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projects are individual efforts |
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make sure reports do not “rehash” course content |
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your research should focus on technical issues,
not marketing hype |
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References: |
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no textbook, but one good book is |
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Jochen Schiller, Mobile Communications,
Addison-Wesley 2000, ISBN 0-201-39836-2. |
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course webpage:
http://kunz-pc.sce.carleton.ca/sce581/ |
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set of transparencies available from bookstore
as course notes |
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extensive list of references provided at the end
of the handout (URLs, books, journal and conference articles) |
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Introduction and History |
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Data in Wireless Cellular Systems |
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Data in Wireless Local Area Networks |
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Internet Protocols |
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Routing and Ad-Hoc Networks |
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TCP over Wireless Link |
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Services and Service Discovery |
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System Support for Mobile Applications |
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Which infrastructure to choose? |
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geographic coverage |
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reliability of service |
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network intelligence/support |
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costs of deployment |
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performance |
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ARDIS, MOBITEX, etc. |
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private specialized mobile analog radio system |
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connectionless: exchange of data packages |
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low data rate (< 2400 bps), not widely
available |
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based on analog cellular systems |
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existing analog cellular systems: |
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AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System) in North
America, operates at 824-894 MHz, 832 channels of 30 kHz each. Variation is
N-AMPS (Narrowband AMPS) which uses 10kHz channels (three times capacity of
AMPS) |
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NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone Service) in
Northern Europe: NMT450 operates at 450 MHz, NMT900 at 900 MHz |
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TACS (Total Access Communications System) in
U.K. Some variants are JTACS (in Japan), E-TACS (expanded TACS in U.K.), or
J-TACS (Japan, similar to N-AMPS) |
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data over existing cellular systems: |
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modem: costs, interoperation with handover,
unreliable voice channel |
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CDPD: transmit data in short bursts during idle
times in existing AMPS channels, use channel hopping to avoid collision
with voice traffic |
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intersitial cellular (proprietary to Cellular
Data Inc.): transmit data on unused guard bands (separate voice channels),
results in 2400 bit/s X.25 data network |
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widely available, limited system capacity,
emphasis not on data service (both new and old) |
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employ digital (cellular) system to provide
effective integrated voice and data services |
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GSM (originally “Groupe Special Mobile”, now
“Global System for Mobile Communications) developed in Europe, at 890-960 MHz with 1000 full-rate
traffic channels at 270 kbps, widely spread |
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DCS1800: based on GSM, operates in 1.8 GHz band,
three times capacity of GSM |
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North America: IS54 and IS95 |
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two incompatible standards (TDMA versus CDMA) |
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GSM is making inroads into North America
(PCS1900) |
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Existing 1st- and 2nd-generation cellular
systems provide good coverage, but at modest data rates only |
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Current research focus: 3rd-generation cellular
systems (IMT-2000, UMTS) |
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provide ubiquitous coverage (including
satellite) |
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international standardization |
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ambitious data rates: 144 kbps for user in
vehicle, 384 kpbs for walking user, 2 Mbps for stationary users |
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overlay of different-sized cells, complicated
spectrum management |
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For in-building wireless coverage, wireless LAN
technologies are available: Proxim, WaveLan, …. |
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Smaller coverage area, more controlled
environment allow higher frequency/lower power transmissions, resulting in
higher bandwidth |
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Other controlled environments: Bluetooth,
Hiperlan, … |
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communication over short distance (“personal
area networks”), again allow power/cost/bandwidth tradeoffs |
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These technologies typically do not provide
wide-area coverage, but “islands of high connectivity” |
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It started with the telegraph (mid 19th
century): |
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“We call the electric telegraph the most perfect
invention of modern times ... as anything more perfect than this is
scarcely conceivable, and we really begin to wonder what will be left for
the next generation, upon which to expend the restless energies of the
human mind’’ |
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(Australian newspaper, 1853) |
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But also: |
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“The wireless music box has no imaginable
commercial value. Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in
particular?” (David Sarnoff’s associates in response to his urgings for
investment in the radio in the 1920s). |
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origins of coded transmission |
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1793, Revolutionary France: Aerial Telegraph
(but what about Chinese, Romans, Native Indians?) |
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1840s, Samuel F. B. Morse: coded transmission
via electronic means, rapid spread throughout US and Europe, International
Telegraph Union formed in 1865 |
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submarine telegraphy: 19th century high-tech |
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1850: first submarine cable, Dover-Calais |
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1858: first transatlantic cable (breaks after 3
months) |
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1866: re-laid with higher quality cable |
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typical performance of telegraph |
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1870: London to Bombay in 4 minutes, 22 seconds |
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1901: London to British Guiana 22 minutes |
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1924: Telegraph around the world in 80 seconds |
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radio/wireless telegraphy |
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communication with ships and other moving
vehicles |
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messages sprayed into “ether,” across national
boundaries |
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downfall of nationally supported monopolistic
telegraph companies |
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radio/wireless telegraphy |
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1896: Marconi demonstrates wireless telegraphy |
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first used by British Army and Navy in the Boer
War |
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1899: Reported America’s Cup yacht races to
shore |
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1907: Commercial Trans-Atlantic Wireless Service
(huge ground stations, beginning of end for cable-based telegraphy) |
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WW I: rapid development and deployment of
communications intelligence, intercept technology, cryptography |
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radio/wireless telegraphy |
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1920: Marconi discovers shortwave (<100 m)
radio |
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longwaves follow contour of land, require very
high transmit power (200 kW+) |
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shortwaves reflect, refract, and absorb, like
light (bounce of ionosphere, higher frequencies possible by vacuum tube
(1906), cheaper, smaller, better quality transmitters) |
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other important dates |
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1915: wireless voice transmission NY to SF |
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1920: first commercial radio broadcast
(Pittsburgh) |
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other important dates: |
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1921 (or 1928): Police car dispatch radio,
Detroit |
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1935: first telephone call around the world |
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WW II: rapid development of radio technology |
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1974: FCC (Federal Communications Commission)
allocates 40 MHz for cellular telephony |
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1982: European GSM (Groupe Speciale Mobile)
established |
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1983 (or 1984): initial deployment of AMPS
cellular system |
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Notes