Thomas Kunz
Systems and Computer Engineering
4
The Big Picture of TCP/IP
Application
(Host-to-Host)
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Ping
FTP
SMTP
SNMP
Trace
Route
BOOTP
TFTP
DNS
RIP
OSPF
others
ICMP
UDP
TCP
IP
LLC
HDLC
PPP
Ethernet
802.3t
X.25
Token Ring
Frame Relay
ATM
SMDS
Etc.
STP
Satellite
Coaxial
UTP
Fiber Optics
Telnet
The most familiar Internet applications are
File Transfer (e.g. FTP)
Interactive request/response
applications (e.g. Telnet)
Electronic mail (e.g. SMTP)